| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000,
the ILO projects that there will be 461,000 economically active children,
176,000 girls and 285,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing
5.44% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* For the year
2000, 2870000 children between 15-19 years were economically active.
(ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)
* Around 5,000,000
children in the Philippines work in highly hazardous workplaces
some times for 16-hours a day. ("Save
the children campaign: children who toil night and day", Lara Bradley,
Belfast News Letter, 18 April 2000)
* 3,181,000 teenagers
between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO,
Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* 30% of working
children are in permanent work. (ILO-IPEC,
Children in Hazardous Work in the Philippines, 1999)
* Working children
form 18% of the overall population of children between the ages of 5-17,
i.e. 1 out of 6 children in this age group. (ILO-IPEC,
Children in Hazardous Work in the Philippines, 1999)
* Of the 17.5
million children between the ages of 5-14 years, 1,863,307 are child
workers (10.6%). (US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate
Child Labour, 1998, citing an ILO sponsored national survey)
* 3 in every 20 children
are working. (ILO/Dept
of Labor and Employment, Child Labor: Let us work against it, 1996)
* Two thirds of working
children come from rural areas. (ILO/Dept
of Labor and Employment, Child Labor: Let us work against it, 1996)
* There are
an estimated 5-5.7 million child labourers. (ICFTU,
No Time to Play, 1996)
* 3.7 million children
of which nearly half were between 5-14 and the other half between 15-17
years were engaged in economic activities. (ILO-IPEC,
Children in Hazardous Work in the Philippines, 1999, citing National Statistical
Office, National Survey on Working Children, 1995)
* Of the 3.7 million
working children between 5-17 years of age, about 2.2 million or 60% are
exposed to a hazardous environment. (ILO/Dept
of Labor and Employment, Child Labor: Let us work against it, 1996, citing
1995 survey of children)
* In 1995, there were
646,000 economically active children, 246,000 girls and 400,000 boys between
the ages of 10-14, representing 8.04% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* The Department
of Labor reports a national labour force participation rate of 32% among
the 4.3 million 15-17-year-old population. (NGO
Coalition for Monitoring the CRC, Supplementary Report on the Implementation
of CRC, submission to the UN CRC, January 1995)
* A recent UN report
reveals that 55% of the total number of working children in South-East
Asia are to be found in the Philippines. ("Clothes
for the Rich from the Hands of the Poor", Child Workers in Asia, October-December
1993)
* The Department of
Labour and Employment (DOLE), reported in 1991 that there are 777 000 workers
aged between 10-14 and 1.4 million workers between the ages of 15-17 years.
These figures notably do not include the large numbers of working children
below 10 years of age. ("Clothes
for the Rich from the Hands of the Poor", Child Workers in Asia, October-December
1993)
|
| Child
Slavery |
ADULT STATISTICS
*
Over 10-20 million people are subjected to debt-bondage largely
in India, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and Philippines.
(Debt Bondage: The Challenge for the
Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, submission to the
UN Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, June 1996)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Piggeries in Bulacan
province near Manila employ underage workers and restrict them from leaving
the breeding farms. (US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Traffickers lure
people from China, the Philippines, Bangladesh and other nations to the
Northern Mariana Islands, a United States territory promising lucrative
work. Instead, many are forced into slave labour and prostitution.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Laura Myers, "Sen Panel Hears of Marianas Abuses", AP
Online, 31 March 1998)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
*
In 1996, 492 of 3,776 reported cases of child abuse involved pornography,
prostitution, paedophilia and trafficking.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Department of Social Welfare and Development,
"375,000 Filipino Women & Kids Are Into Prostitution", Philippine
Daily Inquirer, 26 July 1997)
ADULT STATISTICS
* Japan is a destination
for trafficking in women from the Philippines and Thailand for purposes
of sexual exploitation. Reliable statistics on the number and origin of
women trafficked to Japan is unavailable, but according to the Ministry
of Justice 2.5 % of the 15,823 women deported in 1997 were prostitutes.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* There are more than
150,000 foreign women in prostitution in Japan, and more than a half are
Filipinos. (CATW-Asia
Pacific, Newsletter Volume 1.2, Winter 1998)
* There are 60,000-70,000
Filipino dancers in Japan, a third are undocumented.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Virginia Calvez, "Filipino dancers keep swinging despite
yen", Reuters, 7 July 1998, citing POEA)
* Filipinas are vulnerable
to trafficking due to the Asian economic crisis. Travel to Japan increased
21% in the first half of this year compared with the same period in 1997.
Trafficking laws exist but are not enforced.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Supalak Ganjanakhundee, "Migrant workers booming as Asian
economy declines", Kyodo News, 23 September 1998)
* 150 Filipinos were
sold into prostitution to nightclub operators in African countries, particularly
Nigeria. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Lira S. Dalagin, "150 Pinays sold as sex slaves in Africa",
Manila Chronicle, 31 May 1995, citing Bureau of Immigration)
* Korea ranks
7th in terms of destination of deployed overseas Filipino workers,
closely following Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and Japan. Illegal
recruitment allegedly for work abroad, have historically been exploited
to bring women into prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation
in foreign lands. Current official estimates place the number of
undocumented workers as 14,000.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Jean Enriquez, "Filipinos in Prostitution around U.S. Military
Bases in Korea")
* Officials from
the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration report that they estimate
the number of Filipinos in the entertainment industry in Korea to
be around 1,000, while those prostituted around the U.S. military
bases to number 600. The officials attest that the women recruited
are very young and mostly from Central Luzon, specifically the Pinatubo
area. Currently, studies estimate that, 150,000 Filipinos are exploited
in the entertainment industry of Japan.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Jean Enriquez, "Filipinos in Prostitution around U.S. Military
Bases in Korea")
*
Every year, over 100,000 women, mostly Filipinos and Thais, are
sexually exploited in the sex industry all over Japan.
(Committee
for a Safe Society, Matsui Yayori, Eliminating Trafficking in Asian
Women, www.alternatives.com)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* The Philippines is
a source, transit, and, to a lesser degree, destination country for trafficked
persons. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Young Filipina women and girls are trafficked to Japan
and many other countries for the purposes of sexual exploitation. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Many Filipino overseas contract workers are forced to
work in substandard conditions or are subjected to abuse. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Mainland Chinese nationals are trafficked through the
Philippines to worldwide destinations. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* A significant number of adults and children are trafficked
domestically from poorer areas to urban centers for the commercial sex
industry and domestic work. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
*
There were reports of girls from the Philippines being trafficked to Costa
Rica to work in the sex industry. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Malaysian police believe
that the overwhelming number of prostitutes in Malaysia are foreigners from
Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Thailand, and China. These women often
work as karaoke hostesses, guest relations, officers, and masseuses.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Traffickers lure people
from China, the Philippines, Bangladesh and other nations to the Northern
Mariana Islands, a United States territory promising lucrative work. Instead,
many are forced into slave labour and prostitution.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Laura Myers, "Sen Panel Hears of Marianas Abuses", AP
Online, 31 March 1998)
* Minors are trafficked
to the U.S. from the Philippines for prostitution.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing William Branigan, "Human rights abuses found on US island",
Washington Post, 30 March 1998)
* Foreign women in 'call
girl' prostitution in Italy are from Poland, Russia, Colombia and Argentina
and to a lesser extent from Brazil, Hungary, Romania and the Philippines.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Migrant Information Programme, "Trafficking in Women for
Sexual Exploitation to Italy", IOM, June 1996)
*
Philippine NGOs report that Filipino infants and children between 5 and
12 years are smuggled and sold in Europe and other countries.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal Action,
The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
* Young girls are trafficked
to Middle East as domestic labour. (Lawyers
for Human Rights and Legal Action, The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
* Thai and Filipino
girls are trafficked into Malaysia for prostitution.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal Action,
The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
|
| Child
Prostitution and Pornography |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
* In the Philippines,
a recent study showed there are about 75,000 children, who were forced
into prostitution due to poverty. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Dario Agnote, "Sex trade key part of S.E. Asian
economies, study says", Kyodo News, 18 August 1998)
* 40,000 Filipino
children were involved in child prostitution.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Philippine Foreign Ministry, Jill Serjeant, "Asia
to launch joint crackdown on child sex trade", Reuters, 1 April 1998)
*
Anywhere between 60,000 and 600,000 child prostitutes are in the
Philippines. (June Kane, Sold for Sex, Aren Ashgate Publising Limited Gower House, 1998)
* There are 300,000
women and children in prostitution in the Philippines.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Gabriela, Statistics and the State of the Philippines,
24 July 1997)
* The Philippines
is fourth among nine nations with the most children in prostitution,
with 60,000-100,000 children involved.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Sol. F. Juvida, "Philippines - Children: Scourge
of Child Prostitution", IPS, 12 October 1997, citing UNICEF and NGO
sources)
*
There are 375,000 women and children in prostitution in the Philippines.
Most of them aged 15-20 are from semi-rural and urban backgrounds
and have been victims of incest and sexual abuse.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing "375,000 Filipino Women and Kids Are Into Prostitution",
Philippine Daily Inquirer, 26 July 1997)
* An estimated
100,000 children are engaged in prostitution.
(World
Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation, August 1996)
* UNICEF believes
that there are 60,000 child prostitutes in the Philippines, second
only to Thailand. (ECPAT, "Manila Hails Child Sex Case", Bulletin, March - April 1996)
* In 1996, 492
of 3,776 reported cases of child abuse involved pornography, prostitution,
paedophilia and trafficking. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Department of Social Welfare and Development, "375,000
Filipino Women & Kids Are Into Prostitution", Philippine Daily Inquirer,
26 July 1997)
* The Department
of Social Welfare and Development reported a 300% increase in the
number of child abuse and child prostitution cases from 1992 to
1995. (ECPAT,
Dave Veridiamo, "PMP to Battle Child Abuse", Bulletin,
July 1996)
* 150 Filipinos
were sold into prostitution to nightclub operators in African countries,
particularly Nigeria.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Lira S. Dalagin, "150 Pinays sold as sex slaves
in Africa", Manila Chronicle, 31 May 1995, citing Bureau of Immigration)
* ECPAT Philippines estimates the number of child prostitutes
to be 60,000 at the end of 1993, which according to a 1991 Department
of Social Work and Development (DSWD) includes child prostitutes
as young as 6-year-olds who are recruited by syndicates and sold
mainly to foreign paedophiles for sex or as pornographic models.(NGO
Coalition for Monitoring the CRC, Supplementary Report on the Implementation
of CRC, submission to the UN CRC, January 1995)
LOCAL
STATISTICS
* Teenage girls
are being forced into prostitution due to the Asian economic crisis.
In Davao City, there are more than 1,000 prostituted teenage girls.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Tambayan Center for Abused Street Girls, "Asians
in unhealthy crisis", Washington Post, 25 September 1998)
*
The top five areas for child prostitution and sex tourism are Metro
Manila, Angeles City, Puerto Galera in Mindoro Province, Davao and
Cebu.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Sol. F. Juvida, "Philippines - Children: Scourge
of Child Prostitution", IPS, 12 October 1997, citing UNICEF and
NGO sources)
* 75% of the
estimated 500 prostitutes in the 'Area', a ghetto known for child
prostitution in Angeles City are children. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Sol. F. Juvida, "Philippines - Children: Scourge
of Child Prostitution", IPS, 12 October 1997, citing Susan Pineda
of Pro-Women Action)
* In Davao,
there were 868 prostitutes in 1993 and 1,525 in the first half of
1996. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Gabriela, "Statistics and the State of the Philippines",
24 July 1997)
*
The number of child prostitutes in Metro Manila alone is at least
20,000. (NGO
Coalition for Monitoring the CRC, Supplementary Report on the Implementation
of CRC, submission to the UN CRC, January 1995)
ADULT
STATISTICS
*
There are 400,000 to 500,000 prostituted persons in the Philippines.
Prostituted persons are mainly adult women, but there are also male,
transvestite and child prostitutes, both girls and boys.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing ILO, Dario Agnote, "Sex trade key part of S.E. Asian
economies, study says", Kyodo News, 18 August 1998)
* 150,000 Filipino
women have been trafficked into prostitution in Japan. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Open sale of little girls at Tanbazar brothel",
Daily Star, 2 July 1998, citing BNWLA)
* In Cebu,
the number of registered prostitutes increased from 1,557 in 1992,
to 2,189 in June 1994, to 2,988 in June 1996. This number does not
include the estimated 1,500 non-registered prostitutes.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Gabriela, "Statistics and the State of the Philippines",
24 July 1997)
* Japan is a destination
for trafficking in women from Philippines and Thailand for purposes
of sexual exploitation. Reliable statistics on the number and origin
of women trafficked to Japan is unavailable, but according to the
Ministry of Justice 2.5 % of the 15,823 women deported in 1997 were
prostitutes. (US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25
February 2000)
* Korea ranks
7th in terms of destination of deployed overseas Filipinas workers,
closely following Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and Japan. Illegal
recruitment allegedly for work abroad, have historically been exploited
to bring women into prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation
in foreign lands. Current official estimates place the number of
undocumented workers as 14,000. (CATW-Asia
Pacific, Jean Enriquez, "Filipinas in Prostitution around U.S. Military
Bases in Korea")
* Officials from
the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration report that they estimate
the number of Filipinas in the entertainment industry in Korea to
be around 1,000, while those prostituted around the U.S. military
bases to number 600. The officials attest that the women recruited
are very young and mostly from Central Luzon, specifically the Pinatubo
area. Currently, studies estimate that, 150,000 Filipinas are exploited
in the entertainment industry of Japan.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Jean Enriquez, "Filipinas in Prostitution around U.S. Military
Bases in Korea")
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* While child
prostitution is a problem, sex tourism in the Philippines is particularly
notorious. The increase in tourism over the past decade has resulted
in a parallel increase in sex tourism. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* There is evidence that child pornography in magazines
sold abroad promotes the Philippines as a good place for child sex.
(ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
*
There were reports of girls from the Philippines being trafficked
to Costa Rica to work in the sex industry.(US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999,
25 February 2000)
* Malaysian police
believe that the overwhelming number of prostitutes in Malaysia are
foreigners from Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Thailand, and China.
These women often work as karaoke hostesses, guest relations officers,
and masseuses. (US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25
February 2000)
* Certain areas
in Laoag, General Santos City, Negroes, Southern Tagalog provinces,
Pinatubo area, and Pagadian, to name a few, have reported increasing
numbers of cases of prostitution, and where prostituted women are
no longer from other provinces, but are local women.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing "Ex-streetwalkers fight VFA: Form advocacy groups
in urban centers", The Philippine Journal, 18 September 1998, citing
a study made by various non-governmental organisations led by WEDPRO)
* The number
of prostituted persons in the Philippines is about the size of the
country's manufacturing workforce, according to Rene Ofreneo, a
former Philippine Labor Under Secretary and an expert on the sex
trade. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Dario Agnote, "Sex trade key part of S.E. Asian
economies, study says", Kyodo News, 18 August 1998)
* Traffickers lure
people from China, the Philippines, Bangladesh and other nations to
the Northern Mariana Islands, a United States territory promising
lucrative work. Instead, many are forced into slave labour and prostitution.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Laura Myers, "Sen. Panel Hears of Marianas Abuses",
AP Online, 31 March 1998)
* Minors are trafficked
to the U.S. from the Philippines for prostitution.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing William Branigan, "Human rights abuses found on
US island", Washington Post, 30 March 1998)
* The Philippines
is one of the favored destinations of paedophile sex tourists from
Europe and the United States. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Global law to punish sex tourists sought by Britain
and EU", The Indian Express, 21 November 1997)
* The increase
in the sexual exploitation of children is attributed to the fear of
HIV/AIDS. The sex trade in children is well established, because of
the influx of sex tourists and the existence of sex tours catering
to Japanese, European and other Caucasian tourists.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Sol. F. Juvida, "Philippines - Children: Scourge
of Child Prostitution", IPS, 12 October 1997)
* The extensive
problem of child prostitution is linked to the large number of street
children. (US
Dept of Labor, Prostitution of Children, 1996)
|
| Children
in Crime |
GENERAL
JUVENILE CRIME
* In 1998, there
were reported cases of juvenile crime, representing percentage of
all criminal cases. The specific offences were: 792 cases of theft
of motor cars. (33.33% of all cases) (Interpol
1998 citing)
|
| Child
Soldiers |
OPPOSITION
GROUP STATISTICS
*
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) that numbers between 6,000 and 10,000
reportedly includes children from 13 years of age and up. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* According to Government
sources, the New People's Army (NPA) had 9,463 fighters in June 1999,[and
between 13-18% of opposition forces during the past two years were children
under 18. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* UNICEF estimates
that 3% of NPA members are boys and girls under the age of 18. Some 20
to 25% of new recruits are reportedly children. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001, citing US State Department Report
2001)
* In February 2000,
Philippines Army Brigadier General Victor Obillo and Captain Eduardo Montealto
were captured by the armed group; they claimed that 40% of the NPA cadres
who guarded them were children. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
*
86 child combatants of the Communist New People's Army, captured or surrendered
to the government since last year, were between14 to 17 years old. (CSUCS,
Update 7, 7 November 2000, citing the Philippine Daily Inquirer, 10 October
2000, citing military sources)
* Of the 415 documented
cases of torture from 1976 to 1996, 326 were on children between 15 and
18 years old who were "suspected of being either members of armed dissent
groups or supporters/sympathizers of rebel movements". (CSUCS,
Update 7, 7 November 2000, citing the Philippine Daily Inquirer, 22 October
2000)
* The New People's Army
(NPA Communist) had 9,463 fighters in June 1999, more than 10% of whom were
children under 18. This group, however, is no longer as strong as it was
in the 1980s. (CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000, citing the Philippines Government Representative
to the Asia Pacific Conference on Child Soldiers, 15-18 May 2000)
*
MILF policy allows children as young as 12 years to undergo training. According
to one MILF leader, some 300 to 500 women had training at Camp Bushra near
Butig town, and some were between 10 and 16 years old. (CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000, citing Human Rights Forum, Philippines Human Rights
Information Centre, Vol IX, No1, July-December 1999)
* 132 children below
18 years were arrested and harassed by the authorities for their alleged
connection with armed dissent groups. (Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database, citing Torture of Children in Situation of Armed
Conflict, September 1997)
*
There are approximately 800-2,400 child soldiers below 18 years in opposition
groups. (Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database)
RECRUITMENT LAWS AND REGULATIONS
*
The minimum age for conscription is 18 years. (Guy Goodwin-Gill and Ilene Cohn, Child Soldiers, The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts, A Study on Behalf of the Henry Dunant Institute, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994)
NOTES ON GOVERNMENT FORCES
*
Of 415 cases of child torture from 1976 to 1996, 326 involved children
between 15 and 18 years of age who were "suspected of being either
members of armed dissent groups or supporters/sympathizers of rebel movements".
(CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* There are no indications
of under-18s in government armed forces, although under-18s have been reported
in government-aligned paramilitaries and are admitted to military schools.
There is strong legislation protecting children from military recruitment.
(CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
*
A case study reported no evidence of recruitment of minors into the government
armed forces. (Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database)
NOTES
ON OPPOSITION GROUPS
*
Children have been used as soldiers by armed opposition groups, some as
young as 13. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* In late 2000, the
government claimed at least 86 NPA child combatants, aged between 14 and
17 years of age had been captured or surrendered since last year. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* It is claimed that
NPA cadres are generally aged between 16 and 25 years. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* In August 1999,
Philippine troops captured five teenage NPA fighters: two girls and three
boys aged between 13 and 17. All were armed with pistols or grenades and
had documents produced by the NPA. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* In February 1999,
nine suspected NPA guerrillas were killed by the armed forces, most of
whom were under 18, and a 17-year-old girl was wounded and captured. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* The Abu Sayyaf group
has been involved in a protracted series of hostage-taking incidents in
the southern Philippines. Evidence of child involvement with this group
emerged in September 2000 when a 15-year-old was among those captured by
Philippine armed forces during a raid on a mosque on the island of Jolo.
(CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
*
A 15-year-old was reported to be among ten people arrested by the Philippine
armed forces on 25 September, during a raid on a mosque on the island of
Jolo. The army reported that they are members of the armed opposition group
Abu Sayyaf. (CSUCS, Update 6, 19 October
2000)
* In February 2000, the
NPA announced that it would no longer accept recruits below 18 years of
age. Jorge Madlos, a spokesperson for the National Democratic Front (NDF)
in Mindinao, said the NPA regional commands had been ordered to raise the
minimum age requirement for recruits from 15 to 18 years . He stated that
the NDF would allow children below the age of 18 to join medical teams and
non-combat operations. (CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000, citing PDI Mindinao Bureau, 23 February 2000)
* The Cordillera Peoples'
Liberation Army: an armed group in Abra and Mountain Province is reported
to recruit children. (CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000)
*
During their survey on the rules of war, the ICRC interviewed farmers who
confirmed they had seen youths between 13 and 17 years fighting with the
NPA. These allegations have been confirmed by relief workers also. (CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000, citing M. Macaraig)
*
Separatist Muslim guerillas in the Philippines have recruited child soldiers
to their ranks. Leaders of the fundamentalist Moro Islamic Liberation Front
had emptied schools and colleges to boost recruitment during recent battles.
(Child soldiers in guerrilla ranks, Greg Torode,
South China Morning Post, March 19, 1999)
* In June 1999, Brig.
Gen. Castillo, Commanding General of the Public Affairs Service of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines, said that the NPA had continued to recruit minors.
He claimed that those children captured had been forced to join the NPA.
(CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000, citing "AFP alarmed over NPA recruitment of minors",
Philippines News Agency, 9 June 1999)
* The Moro Islamic Liberation
Front includes children from 13 years of age. Teachers in the central Mindanao
province of Manguindanao admitted that their male pupils were being recruited
to join the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. (CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000, citing "Child Soldiers in guerrilla camp", The South
China Morning Post, 19 March 1999)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
*
During the year the department of labour and employment (DOLE) rescued
132 child workers in 64 operations. The rescued children were working in
factories, as domestic helpers, or as sex workers. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
*
Over 300,000 children 17 years of age or younger work as family domestic
workers, for whom the minimum age is 15. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
*
More than 3,000 children and adolescent are believed to work as domestics.
(US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* 70% of child domestics
are girls. (UNICEF
Innocenti Digest on Child Domestic Work, May 1999, citing University of
Manila, A Study of Child Domestic Workers in Metro Manila, 1997)
* A Government Labor
Force Study shows there are 766,200 domestic workers in the Philippines
aged between 10-24 years. Of that, 28,882 are within the age group, 10-14
years. But very much higher is the age group, 15-19 years - which is 272,819.
(Visayan
Forum, Roland Pacis, "Child Domestic Workers in the Philippines", Child
Workers in Asia, January-March 1997, citing Ma. Alcestls Abrera Mangahas
of ILO-IPEC)
*
493,281 or 60% of total domestic workers are children.
(Visayan Forum, Child Domestic Workers
in the Philippines, August 1996)
LOCAL
STATISTICS
* In Metro Manila about
25% of domestic workers are below the age of 18 but the proportion of child
workers is higher in the provinces, where most commence their careers.
(CWA, "Child Domestic Workers - Philippines", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 12, No. 3, July - September 1996)
* In Cebu City, the regional
Social Welfare Department reveals that 80% of reported victims of rape,
attempted rape and other acts of sexual abuse are child domestics.
(CWA, "Child Domestic Workers - Philippines", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 12, No. 3, July - September 1996)
*
In one Batangas City public school, over 80% of those enrolled in the evening
classes were domestics. (CWA, "Child Domestic Workers - Philippines", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 12, No. 3, July - September 1996)
ADULT
STATISTICS
*
There are 766,200 domestic workers in the Philippines and approximate
by 30% are in the National Capital Region.
(Defining Hazardous Undertakings for
Young Workers Below 18 Years of Age: A Country Report, August 1997,
citing findings of the Labour Force Survey as well as the National
Survey on Children)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Child domestic
workers generally have to work for 15 hours a day, seven days a week.
(UNICEF Innocenti Digest on Child Domestic
Work, May 1999, citing "The Phenomenon of Child Domestic Work: Issues,
Responses and Research Findings", 19-23 November 1997)
* Young girls
are trafficked to the Middle East as domestic labourers.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal
Action, The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
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Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
ASSORTED STATISTICS
*
Routine inspections through November revealed 31 establishments nation-wide
that employed a total of 50 children. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
*
The DOLE reported that it had begun to investigate reports that more than
17,000 children were engaged in hazardous work in the Cordillera Administrative
Region. Most of the children reportedly worked in the mining and quarrying
industry under supervision of their parents. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing DOLE)
* There are 2.2
million children who are engaged in hazardous and dangerous work.
(ILO-IPEC, Children in Hazardous Work
in the Philippines, 1999)
*
More than 2 million children were exposed to hazardous working environments,
including quarries, mines and dockside.
(EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Of the 3.7 million
working children, more than 2 million have been exposed to hazardous
environments. This is more in terms of the physical environment with
temperature and humidity of the workplace reported as hazardous in
1.4 million cases. (Defining
Hazardous Undertakings for Young Workers Below 18 years of Age: A
Country Report, August 1997)
*
In 1991, 1.5 million children between 10-14 years of age were employed
in hazardous condition in the plantations, sweat shops and the streets.
(NGO Coalition for Monitoring the
CRC, Supplementary Report on the Implementation of CRC, submission
to the UN CRC, January 1995)
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Children are
employed in the garment industry, agriculture, furniture-making and
in gold mining, food processing, footwear, plastics, domestic service,
the informal sector and fishing. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Many types of
jobs carried out by children under 16 - scavengers, carwashers, market
helpers, drug runners and prostitutes.
(NGO Coalition for Monitoring the CRC,
Supplementary Report on the Implementation of CRC, submission to the
UN CRC, January 1995, quoting Mr. Rey Conferid, Executive Director
of the Institute for Labour Studies)
*
Child labour is commonly found in wood and rattan furniture making,
gold mining, food processing, fire works, pyrotechnics, footwear,
plastic bag industry and moru-ami fishing (a method to catch elusive
reef fish with special nets). (US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)
SPECIFIC
SECTORS
* Commercial Agriculture
- In the agricultural sector child workers typically work long hours
and are exposed to toxic pesticides and other harmful chemicals.
(EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Commercial Agriculture
- In Mindanao plantation, children are employed for trimming and fertilizing
plants and clearing irrigation ditches.
(US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Commercial Fishing
- Children are employed in the docks of Mindanao and Visayan ports.
(US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Commercial Fishing
- Children are employed in coastal fishing vessels as divers in a
dangerous form of coral reef fishing.
(US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Commercial Fishing
- According to the 1995 Philippines National Survey of Working Children,
almost 7% of Filipino working children from 5-15 years of age are
engaged in fishing. Children are employed in deep sea fishing operations,
where they have to drive 10-100 feet to maneuver nets around coral
reefs. (US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child
Labour, 1998, citing ILO, Targeting the Intolerable, November 1996)
* Commercial Fishing
- 15% of moru-ami fishers are children.
(US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Agricultural Imports &
Forced and Bonded Child Labor, 1995)
* Fireworks Manufacturing
- Children are employed in the production of fire crackers.
(US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child
Labour, 1998)
* Garment Manufacturing
- Child labour in sub-contracting operations is prevalent in the garment
industry. Children are engaged in trimming, embroidery and pleating.
(US Dept of Labor, Industry and Codes
of Conduct, 1996)
* Garment Manufacturing
- Child labour is frequent in the garment industry in Taal, Pandi
and Mailbong Matanda areas. Removing of excess thread and folding,
trimming, patching and embroidering of garments are works done by
children. (US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing Ma. Corazon
J. Vencraeion, Sub-contracting Networks in the Garment industry in
Bulacan, 1990)
* Manufacturing
- Children working in the manufacturing sector number around 500
000, with the garment and wood-based industries in Metro Manila
and nearby provinces most noted for employing children.
("Clothes
for the Rich from the Hands of the Poor", Child Workers in Asia,
October-December 1993)
* Mining and
Quarrying - Children are involved in small-scale mining.(ILO,
Small-scale Mines, 1999)
* Mining and Quarrying
- Children are employed in quarries.
(US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child
Labour, 1998)
* Rubber Plantations
- In Tacul, about 20 children are engaged in the production of rubber.
They are between 8 to 14 years old. But there are more who are 15,16
and 17 years old, these young workers number at least 30. In other
words, there are at least 50 children aged 8 to 17 who are presently
working in the rubber farms. (CWA,
Alejandro W. Apit, "Children bleed trees for rubber - Child Labour
in the Rubber Farms in the Philippines", Child Workers in Asia,
Vol. 13, No. 4, 1997 October - December 1997)
* Street Children
- There were over 50,000 street children in Manila and over 100,000
nation-wide. Non-governmental figures put the number of street children
nation-wide as much higher (over 1 million). Reportedly most
were engaged in scavenging - begging.
(EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Street Children
- There are 800,000 street children.
(US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Consumer Labels and Child
Labor, 1997)
* Street Children
- There are 1.5 million working and street children.
(NGO Coalition for Monitoring the CRC,
Supplementary Report on the Implementation of CRC, submission to the
UN CRC, January 1995)
* Street Children
- In Cebu, an estimated 5,000 street children roam the streets and
urban barangays. This is according to a calculation made by the Cebu
City Task Force on Street Children. These children are 5 to 20 years
old. (CATW, The Fact Book on Global Sexual Exploitation, 1999)
* Wood-based
Industries - Of the total child labour in the furniture and wood
industry, 88% were in industrial sites and 12% were in home-based
units. (US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing Institute
of Industrial Relations, Child labour in Philippines-Wood-Based
and Clothing Industries)
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